越冬期勺鸡集群行为的观察

观察了2001～2004年冬季分布于历山保护区的勺鸡的集群行为行。野外共观察120次,见到勺鸡1034只,其中95．3％的个体营集群生活,环境的异质性和天敌的捕食压力可能是导致勺鸡等雉类冬季集群的重要因素。     

Different response in respiration between predaceous and phytophagous lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to starvation

Population Ecology - Survival times and changes in the respiratory rates and the live body weights of a predaceous lady beetle,Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant, and a phytophagous lady...     

秦岭西麓勺鸡巢及卵的初步观察

2006年在秦岭西麓林区,观察到4个勺鸡巢呈典型的深碗形,开口向上,圆形或近圆形,巢深8.60±0.33cm,巢口外径为21.50±0.41cm,巢口内径为14.75±0.96cm,巢材厚度为2.5～4.0cm。巢材质主要由枯叶、枯草及勺鸡自身掉落的羽毛构成。勺鸡卵近似椭球体,卵壳呈淡黄色,并伴有紫褐色斑点,平均长径为49.85±2.48mm;平均短径为36.00±1.41mm;窝卵数4～6枚。在秦岭西部山区,勺鸡喜欢选择栖息于1861～2100m之间的阔叶林或针阔混交林生境。由于森林的过度开发与人为捕猎,勺鸡野外生存状况不容乐观,亟需制定有效的措施加以保护。     

Seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown-eared pheasant and its affecting factors in Huanglong Mountains, Shaanxi Province

A study on the seasonal changes in the ranging area of Brown-eared pheasant and its affecting factors was conducted in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from March 2006 to January 2007. Forty used sites and forty random plots were selected along 8–9 transects crossing the study area. Fifteen factors related to the changes of altitude were measured in each site. The results showed that the altitude of home range of Brown-eared pheasant varied with seasons: the highest home range was found in summer, and the lowest one was found in winter, while the home range in autumn was higher than that in spring. According to the frequency of occurrences of Brown-eared pheasant in different seasons, we found that its home range occurred mainly at an altitude below 1400 m in spring, above 1500 m in summer, between 1200 m and 1500 m in autumn and below 1300 m in winter. The possible reason that Brown-eared pheasants preferred to live at lower altitude in spring was to have access to water sources and the abundance of food, correlated to the slope locations, number of trees and number of shrubs; in summer, they tended to appear at highest altitude, and the average height of shrubs, average height of grasses, sheltering class and distance to edge of woods, and human disturbance were affecting factors; in autumn, they appeared at higher altitude which was correlated with the covers of trees, shrubs and grasses, and ultimately related to the abundance of food; in winter, they lived at lowest altitude, which was correlated to the distance from the edge of woods, cover of trees and sheltering class, and ultimately related to the abundance of food and shelter.     

Arthropod predation limits the population density of an herbivorous lady beetle,Henosepilachna niponica (Lewis)

1. The possible impact of arthropod predation on inter-population variation in adult density of a thistle-feeding lady beetle, Henosepilachna niponica (Lewis ) was evaluated by means of predator exclusion experiments conducted in the field.
2. The population density of newly-emerged adults at one habitat in the upstream area (site F) was significantly lower than at another in the downstream area (site A) although the egg density was nearly identical in the two habitats.
3. In the habitat with lower adult density, egg mortality was higher due to higher levels of predation. A predator exclusion experiment demonstrated that arthropod predation was the main factor causing high mortality during the immature stages, and physical factors such as heavy rains were unlikely to influence larval survivals.
4. Earwigs, ground beetles, predaceous stink bugs, and spiders were identified as the main predators in the study area. Of these, an earwig, Anechura harmandi (Burr ) was more predominant than other predators and was significantly more abundant in the habitat with low adult densities.

     

红腹锦鸡雏鸟的换羽研究

了解鸟类的换羽方式和顺序,对于研究鸟类的系统分类、生态及雏鸟的生长发育规律等方面,都具有重要的意义。     

人工养殖白鹇产卵习性和卵的变化

人工养殖白鹇产卵习性和卵的变化高育仁,曹丰质,姚伟兰（华南濒危动物研究所,广州５１０２６０）Ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｅｇｇ－ｌａｙｉｎｇｈａｂｉｔａｎｄｅｇｇｓｉｚｅｏｆａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｉｌｖｅｒｐｈｅａｓａｎｔ￥．ＧａｏＹ...     

雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)营巢生境的模拟分析研究

将多元统计学方法与地理信息系统结合对动物的栖息地进行适宜性分析,是近年动物栖息地研究者和管理者都十分感兴趣的方面。本研究采用马氏距离法,利用地理信息系统模拟甘肃雉鸡的营巢生境。模拟结果表明,与已知营巢生境相似水平为0.95的区域面积,仅占整个研究区的0.68%,而与已知营巢生境迥然不同（P＜0.05）的区域面积占79.08%。营巢生境与非营巢生境在生境类型组成和地形因素上存在多方差异,营巢生境中农田和草坡占有极大比例,用于营巢的区域总是更接近生境的边缘。特别是接近于农田、草坡和白桦阔叶林等生境,表明倾向于在这几种生境的边缘附近营巢。营巢生境的平均海拔比非营巢生境低,坡度也较缓,坡向则更偏于东南方。在同一生境类型内部,用于营巢的区域和不利用的区域之间也存在很大差别,营巢区域总是更接近生境的边缘。某一生境周围的其它生境类型也会影响雉鸡的营巢选择。